Understanding Nasal Polyps
Nasal polyps are soft, painless, and noncancerous growths that develop in the lining of the nasal passages and sinuses due to chronic inflammation. While small nasal polyps may go unnoticed, larger polyps can cause nasal obstruction, difficulty breathing, and an increased risk of chronic sinus infections.
Nasal polyps can occur in one or both nostrils and are more common in adults. They often develop in people with conditions like chronic sinusitis, asthma, allergic rhinitis, or cystic fibrosis.
If nasal polyps interfere with breathing, cause frequent infections, or lead to persistent nasal congestion, seeking treatment from an ENT specialist is essential.
What Causes Nasal Polyps?
Nasal polyps develop due to chronic inflammation, but specific triggers vary among individuals. Some common causes and risk factors include:
1. Chronic Sinus Infections
People with chronic sinusitis (sinus inflammation lasting over 12 weeks) are more likely to develop nasal polyps. Ongoing sinus infections cause swelling in the nasal lining, creating an environment where polyps can form.
2. Allergic Rhinitis (Hay Fever) and Environmental Irritants
Allergic reactions to pollen, dust mites, pet dander, mold, or air pollution can trigger nasal inflammation, increasing the risk of polyp formation. Nasal allergy symptoms like sneezing, runny nose, and congestion often precede nasal polyps.
3. Asthma and Respiratory Conditions
People with asthma often experience nasal inflammation, which makes them more susceptible to polyps. Some patients with aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease (AERD) are at particularly high risk.
4. Genetic Factors and Immune System Issues
Some individuals inherit a genetic predisposition for nasal polyps, particularly those with conditions like cystic fibrosis. Additionally, immune system disorders that cause chronic inflammation can contribute to polyp development.
Symptoms of Nasal Polyps
Nasal polyps do not contain nerves, so they don’t cause pain. However, they block nasal airflow, leading to frustrating symptoms, including:
- Persistent nasal congestion, making it difficult to breathe through the nose.
- Frequent sinus infections due to mucus buildup.
- Postnasal drip, leading to throat irritation.
- Snoring or sleep disturbances, sometimes worsening sleep apnea.
- Reduced or lost sense of smell and taste, which can be long-term.
- Headaches or facial pressure, often similar to sinus headaches.
If nasal congestion persists for more than 10 days or you frequently experience sinus infections, consult an ENT specialist for an evaluation.
When to Seek Medical Attention for Nasal Polyps
You should schedule an appointment with an ENT if you experience:
- Persistent nasal congestion that does not improve with over-the-counter treatments.
- Frequent sinus infections, particularly if they require antibiotics multiple times per year.
- Difficulty breathing through your nose, affecting sleep or daily activities.
- Snoring and suspected sleep apnea, which may worsen due to nasal obstruction.
- Facial pain, pressure, or headaches linked to sinus blockages.
If left untreated, nasal polyps can grow larger, further blocking airflow and increasing the risk of recurring infections. In severe cases, nasal polyps may require surgical removal.
How an ENT Specialist Diagnoses Nasal Polyps
At Ventura ENT, Dr. Armin Alavi performs detailed evaluations to diagnose and determine the severity of nasal polyps.
1. Physical Examination and Nasal Endoscopy
An ENT doctor will begin with a physical examination and may use a nasal endoscope (a small camera with a light) to inspect the nasal passages. This allows for a close-up view of polyps inside the nose.
2. Imaging Studies (CT Scan or MRI)
A CT scan or MRI may be recommended if nasal polyps are deep in the sinuses or large enough to cause complications. Imaging helps identify the size, location, and extent of the obstruction.
3. Allergy and Immune System Testing
Because nasal polyps often develop due to allergic reactions, allergy testing can help identify triggers. Some patients may also undergo immune function tests if polyps are recurring or severe.
Treatment Options for Nasal Polyps
At Ventura ENT, Dr. Alavi offers non-surgical and surgical treatments for nasal polyps based on their size, severity, and impact on the patient’s health.
Non-Surgical Treatments
- Nasal corticosteroid sprays to reduce inflammation and shrink polyps.
- Antihistamines and allergy management for patients with nasal allergies.
- Saline nasal rinses to clear mucus and irritants.
- Oral corticosteroids for severe inflammation.
- Antibiotics (if an infection is present).
Minimally Invasive and Surgical Treatments
If nasal polyps do not respond to medications, an ENT specialist may recommend surgery.
- Endoscopic Sinus Surgery – A minimally invasive procedure where an ENT doctor removes polyps using a small camera and specialized instruments.
- Balloon Sinuplasty – In some cases, balloon sinuplasty can help open blocked sinuses without removing tissue.
- Turbinate Reduction Surgery – Some patients may need additional procedures to improve airflow.
Surgical treatments provide long-lasting relief, but because polyps can recur, patients may still need ongoing allergy management and nasal spray maintenance.
Can You Prevent Nasal Polyps?
While not all cases of nasal polyps can be prevented, certain strategies reduce your risk:
- Manage allergies and asthma – Allergy testing can help identify triggers.
- Use a humidifier – Keeping indoor air moist prevents irritation.
- Practice good nasal hygiene – Saline rinses help remove irritants.
- Avoid smoke and pollutants – These can worsen nasal inflammation.
- Seek treatment for chronic sinus infections – Early intervention helps prevent polyp formation.
Take Control of Your Nasal Health
Nasal polyps can be frustrating, but effective treatments are available at Ventura ENT. Whether you’re experiencing nasal congestion, frequent sinus infections, or loss of smell, our team is here to help.
If you’re struggling with nasal polyps, don’t wait. Schedule a consultation with Dr. Armin Alavi today for expert diagnosis and personalized treatment options.
Disclaimer
This blog is intended for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. The content is meant to raise awareness about health-related topics and should not be used as a substitute for professional medical consultation. If you are experiencing any symptoms or have concerns about your health, please consult a licensed healthcare provider or an ENT specialist for proper evaluation and care.
